US withdrawal from the nuclear agreement with Iran 5+1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36322/jksc.175(D).18700Keywords:
American -Iranian relations, nuclear program, Lausanne nuclear agreement, Trump, US sanctionsAbstract
The nuclear program is considered one of the most important files that occupy the international scene and is one of the most important files that lead to the dispute between the United States of America and the Islamic Republic of Iran, and it is considered a major impact on its interests and interests of its regional allies in the Middle East, so the United States sought to undermine The ability of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially with regard to its nuclear program by concluding a nuclear agreement in the administration of former President (Barak Obama), which did not admire the subsequent administration headed by (Donald Trump) who worked to withdraw from that agreement, which is a complex and this is considered a historical plan committed by a previous administration (Barak Obama).
In addition to the United States of America's attempt to contain Iran economically by re -imposing new economic sanctions on the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Islamic Republic worked with all its capabilities and capabilities Diplomacy and politics by pressure on the Europeans, and in return, the United States of America worked by pressing its European and regional allies to get out Of the 2015 agreement.
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References
المراجع:
الكتب:
1) محمد طالب حميد، العلاقات الإيرانية الامريكية توافق ام تقاطع، الدار العربي للنشر، القاهرة، 2019، ص185.
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المجلات والدوريات:
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الرسائل والاطاريح:
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4) محمود جميل جديد، العقوبات الاقتصادية الدولية ومنعكساتها على عملية التنمية (دراسة مقارنة مع إشارة خاصة إلى سورية)، رسالة ماجستير، جامعة دمشق، كلية الاقتصاد، قسم الاقتصاد والتخطيط، 2009، ص16.
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المراجع الأجنبية:
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14) David Usborne, “Trump promised and delivered on Iran. Never mind that he fabricated and misled all along the way,” The Independent, May 8, 2018, accessed on 23/7/2021, at: https://goo.gl/7WPYzy.
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16) Phil Stewart, “America's anti-Iran push may get harder with nuclear deal pullout,” Reuters, May 9, 2018, accessed on 21/7/2021, at: https://goo.gl/u66Auk .
17) Tracy Wilkinson & Noga Tarnopolsky, “Israel's Netanyahu makes big pitch to claim Iran is cheating on nuclear deal; Trump likes what he hears,” Los Angeles Times, April 30, 2018, accessed on 21/7/2021, at:https://goo.gl/pgn6W6
18) Catherine V .Scott, Neoliberalism and U.S. Foreign Policy From Carter to Trump, Palgrave Macmillan, Imprint is Published by springer Nature, Switzerland,P.246.
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Books:
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Theses and theses:
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1) David J. Lektzian and Christopher M. Sprecher, “ Sanctions, Signals, and Militarized Conflict ”, American Journal of Political Science , Vol. 51, No 2, Apr 2007, P-p 415-431. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00259.x
2) Sherifa D.Zuhur, Iran-Iraq and the United States: The new triangle’s impacton sectarianism and the nuclear threat, Arm War College, U.S.GOV., 2006, P.39.
3) Shi gcto Tsuru, Japan s Cap italism(Canto Edition), Cambridge University Press,1996,P8.
4) Oil & Gas Directory Middle East, Islamic Republic Of Iran, 2011, P.P1069.
5) United States Government Accountability Office, IRAN SANCTIONS: Impact in Furthering U.S. Objectives Is Unclear and Should Be Reviewed, December 2007, P(30)..
6) Brooks, Risa A. “Sanctions and Regime Type: What Works, and When?” ،Security Studies, Vol. 11, No 4, June 2002, P-p 15-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/714005349
7) Remarks by President Trump on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action,” The White House, May 8, 2018, accessed on 17/8/2021, at: https://goo.gl/u38QcY .
8) Cristiano Lima, “Trump warns of ‘very severe consequence’ if Iran restarts nuclear program,” Politico, May 9,2018, accessed on 18/8/2021, at: https://goo.gl/ghzhbL .
9) Jen Kirby, “Obama slams Trump’s ‘misguided’ decision to withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal,” VOX, May 8, 2018, accessed on 21/8/2021, at: https://goo.gl/XPZVa2 .
10) Margaret P. Doxey, International Sanctions in Contemporary perspective (Second edition) Macmilan Press Ltd,1996,P(8) .
11) Jeffry J.schott, "US Economic sanctions: Good Intentions, Bad Execution" Testimony before the committee on International relations US House of Representatives, June 3, 1998.
12) John Ikenberry, "Rethinking the Origins of American Hegemon," Political Science Quarterly, vol. 104, no. 3 (Autumn 1989), p. 357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2151270
13) Hal Brands, "U.S. Grand Strategy in an Age of Nationalism: Fortress America and its Alternatives," The Washington Quarterly, vol. 40, no.1 (Spring 2017), p. 73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0163660X.2017.1302740
14) David Usborne, “Trump promised and delivered on Iran. Never mind that he fabricated and misled all along the way,” The Independent, May 8, 2018, accessed on 23/7/2021, at: https://goo.gl/7WPYzy.
15) Derek Stoffel, “Trump's Iran decision is victory for Netanyahu — but now come the risks,” CBC News, May 09, 2018, accessed on 23/7/2021, at: https://goo.gl/RmRWDu.
16) Phil Stewart, “America's anti-Iran push may get harder with nuclear deal pullout,” Reuters, May 9, 2018, accessed on 21/7/2021, at: https://goo.gl/u66Auk .
17) Tracy Wilkinson & Noga Tarnopolsky, “Israel's Netanyahu makes big pitch to claim Iran is cheating on nuclear deal; Trump likes what he hears,” Los Angeles Times, April 30, 2018, accessed on 21/7/2021, at:https://goo.gl/pgn6W6
18) Catherine V . Scott, Neoliberalism and U.S. Foreign Policy From Carter to Trump, Palgrave Macmillan, Imprint is Published by springer Nature, Switzerland,P.246.
19) James McAuley & Karen Deyoung, “Europeans scramble to save Iran nuclear deal but face new concerns over U.S. sanctions,” The Washington Post, May 9, 2018, accessed on 22/7/2021, at: https://goo.gl/NdGhBj .
20) David M. Halbfinger, David E. Sanger & Ronen Bergman, “Israel Says Secret Files Detail Iran’s Nuclear Subterfuge,” The New York Times, April 30, 2018, accessed on 21/7/2021, at: https://goo.gl/cpHacA.
Brian Bennett، “White House Has Known for Weeks About Israel's Stolen Iran Documents,” The Time, May 2, 2018, accessed on 21/7/2021, at: https://goo.gl/4PpGCL .
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