The political and national role of the sheikhs of the Middle Euphrates clans in the modern and contemporary history of Iraq

Abstract

The study tagged (the political and national role of the sheikhs of the Middle Euphrates clans in the modern and contemporary history of Iraq - Sheikh Mubadir Al-Faraoun, the Al-Fatlah clan as a model”-1780-1918). The Qahtaniya tribe residing mainly in the Middle Euphrates, in the modern and contemporary history of Iraq. For many centuries of the contemporary history of Iraq, the clan composition represented the largest part of the country's social structure, and the impact of this structure on the course of events reflected the influence and direction of the tribal leadership or leadership as The main pillar in building the Iraqi clan in particular and the clan system in general. The social and political importance of the personality of the founder of the Pharaoh family, the Sheikh of the Fatlah tribe in the Middle Euphrates, emerged through his great role in the internal developments, being the leader of a large, important and influential tribe in Iraq and the Middle Euphrates, especially since his sheikhdom extended for several years between 1911-1918 AD, and he helped him in that He knew a lot about the affairs of the clans of the Middle Euphrates region and Iraq, which was known for its backwardness and clan conflicts under Ottoman control. The ambition of the founder of the Pharaoh's family and the strength of his social and political personality prompted the Ottoman authorities at first to deal with him with confidence, as they found in him the ability to have a supportive role for them, but he soon turned against them due to his despair of the possibilities of the hoped for reform in Iraq in general and the Middle Euphrates in particular from these There is a historical fact that cannot be ignored here, in any way, which is that the founder of the Pharaoh’s family represented the armed opposition, as he was inclined to declare his rebellion against the ruling authority and incite his affiliated clans to oppose it, and in a more frank and clear expression, that the founder of the Pharaoh’s family was a man. It is not easy to be absorbed by the other party, as the man remained bold in his opinions, which were included in his sermon and his opinions on various occasions and national and national positions, which made the eighty and the British count him a thousand accounts. And Sheikh Mubadir had the upper hand in all the pages of the national and Arab-Islamic national struggle against the Ottomans and the British, and if his life extended, he would have been one of the personalities that would play a key role in determining the future of Iraq, but his sudden death that raised doubts, after attending the ceremony held by the British army in September of the year 1918 AD, when he was not yet forty-eight years old, Iraq was deprived of its national and national efforts at all levels and fields.