Physiological action of vitamin D3 in health and disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v14.i1.11748Keywords:
vitamin D3, COVID-19, VDR, uvAbstract
Vitamin D is the common molecules for every steroid that has the biological effects of cholecalciferol. Vitamin D can be synthesized in the mammalian skin after exposed to ultraviolet (UV) waves and this process occur endogenously. Amongst diverse Vitamins, VitD has powerful effects on the immune system. As major components of the diet, vitamins have essential effects on the innate and acquired immune system. The active form of VitD is calcitriol (1,25(OH)2VitD3). Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2VitD3) is the active form of VitD. Calcitriol regulates antimicrobial peptides productions, comprising defensin and cathelicidin, that controller the natural intestine microbiota floor and supports intestinal barriers. VitD in controlling the immune response in infectious and autoimmune diseases. There is a theory that VitD complements could be beneficial for treatment of COVID-19. Vit D has an important anti-inflammatory function on the immune system by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells. Also, vitamin D deficiency is closely related to chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer. In addition, recently it was revealed that vitamin D receptors (VDR) are expressed in many organs such as the testes, and vitamin D may be a adjustable regulator of reproductive function and fertility.
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