Impact of Water Quality on Density of Birds in Bahr Najaf Depression, Iraq.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v16.i3.16628Keywords:
Keyword: Bahr, Bird, Najaf, survey, water qualityAbstract
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of water quality standards on bird density in the Bahr al-Najaf depression for the period from October 2023 to April 2024 over a period of seven months. Three sites were chosen for the study: Some physical and chemical factors in the water were measured, such as (water temperature, air temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, , total hardness, calcium, magnesium hardness, and chloride,).The density of birds and number of species were determined in the study area. The air temperature ranged between (20.6 - 31)°C, the water temperature ranged (20 - 28)°C, the electrical conductivity ranged between (19.8 - 168.25) ms/cm, and the total dissolved solids ranged from (11,200 - 83,750) mg. /l, salinity between (13.85 - 117.777) ppt, pH between (7.9 - 8.2), dissolved oxygen between (0.73 - 5.6) mg/l, and biological oxygen demand between (0). 73 - 3 5 .5) mg/L, total hardness between (2200 - 21066.66) mg/L, and calcium hardness between (961.9 - 4382.08) mg. /L, magnesium between (216.4 - 4625.7) mg/L, chloride between (1799 - 17061) mg/L A total of 29 families with 82 species were discovered. Bird species diversity was greatest in the family Scolopacidae. (14 species), followed by Laridae (10 species), followed by Charadriidae, Columbidae, and Ardeidae each (five species), Motacillidae and Anatidae (4 species), and Corvidae, and Passeridae (three species) each. The three locations had different species diversity and abundance. The density of birds in the third site had a higher species abundance and diversity compared to other sites at all months except.TDS, salinity, and electrical conductivity showed a significant positive correlation with bird density, whereas a significant negative correlation was found between Mg ions and bird density. While showed a significant positive correlation with number species and pH, whereas a significant negative correlation was found between number species and chloride
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