Geomorphological Study of the Zalim Waterfall in Hallabja

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Abstract

The research is focused on studying one type of earth’s surface; the waterfall of Zalim, its’ origins and development which from research it appeared that it is a Subterranean river that discharges the groundwater into the Efroman lime formations through the hole of karst cave,  prevailing conditions facilitate for the development of karsting phenomenon at Hawraman‏ mountain which is a part of the Hawraman‏ mountain ranges north east of Iraq at the Iraq-Iran border.

This study is a humble input to add to the field of knowledge in the subject of Geomorphology, added to that the significance of this waterfall being one of the main sources supplying the district of Halabja with its’ water needs, as well as being a tourist site in the area.

The study relied on frequent field visits during the spring and summer seasons, where the speed and quantity of water flowing from the karst cave varies during these seasons, as well as extracting data from topographic maps to determine the precise location of the waterfall, and to measure its height. In addition, by conducting individual interviews with residents of the area to obtain information, and referencing from a variety of scientific library sources focused on subjects related to the study.