Baghdad under the Ilkhanid Mongol rule (656-736 AH / 1258-1330 AD) a new class formation

Abstract

The Mongols' conquest of Baghdad in the year 656 AH / 1258 AD resulted in social ethnological variables in the population structure, which leads us to restrict this research and broadcast it, indicating the emergence of new classes in Baghdadi society, including the class of foreign princes and rulers, including the class of Alawites and students, including the two classes of old families and new families, then public class. Some of the basic primary sources available to us dealt with this new class formation in some detail, while others were limited to brief references and gestures. Each sect of sources had its concern for the class or layers of the Baghdadi society that began to emerge after the consolidation of the Ilkhanid Mongol rule. This author of the book Al-Hadith al-Jami` mentions the Alawite conglomerate in Baghdad after the incident, then it is reinforced by contemporary historians for what he brought. And these sources talk about the families that exercised rule during the Abbasid era and had a more present appearance in the Mongol Ilkhanid era, and this Baghdadi historian Abd al-Razzaq ibn al-Futi and the Christian historian Gregory Ibn al-Abri confirm that the growth of the Baghdadi public class, which made up most of the population of Baghdad, after that It was almost annihilated by the attacking Mongolian battalions during the fall of Baghdad. It regained its presence and its existence became dependent on the class balance in Baghdadi society. In addition, during the eighty years in which the Ilkhanid Mongols ruled Iraq, two religious sects prevailed, namely the Christian sect and the Jewish sect. He was in charge of the Kingdoms Diwan, which is one of the major positions in the Mongol Empire.