Perception and ratification in logic, grammar and rhetoric

Abstract

The research concluded with a set of results, including:

1- The stability of the terms perception and ratification in the sixth century AH at the hands of Al-Sakaki after separating the sciences and arts from each other, and the dominance of the dialectical tendency on (Miftah Al-Uloom), and the predominance of the rational and logical view over it.

2- Every assent is preceded by imagination.

3- (Yes) is the mother of the affirmative and affirmative letters, as it enters the predicate, the interrogative, the affirmation, and the negation, so it indicates affirmation of what preceded it, whether it was affirmation or negation in the predicate and the interrogative, but it is at the objectionable for every word in which there is no negation. As for (yes), it does not come until after negation.

4- Attestation abounds in actual sentences, and is less in nominative sentences, because negation and affirmation only address meanings and events that are the indications of actions, not to the entities that are the meanings of nouns.