Pathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes and immune response
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v12.i3.11796Keywords:
Streptococcus pyogenes, immune response, beta-hemolyticAbstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive beta-hemolytic bacteria, also known as group A streptococci, that causes a range of infections. The most common presentation is acute pharyngitis. GAS can be subdivided into >100 serotypes by the M-protein antigen that is located on the cell surface and by fimbriae (hairlike fuzz) that project from the outer edge of the cell. Classically, typing of the surface M protein relied upon available polyclonal antisera. GAS produce and release into the surrounding medium a large number of biologically active extracellular products. Some of these are toxic for human and other mammalian cells. Streptolysin S (SLS) is a small oxygen-stabile toxin responsible for β-hemolysis of GAS on blood agar, while streptolysin O (SLO) is an oxygen-labile, cholesterol-dependent toxin .Both SLS and SLO injure cell membranes, not only lysing red blood cells, but also damaging other eukaryotic cells and membranous subcellular organelles.15 Streptolysin O is antigenic; streptolysin S is not. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPEs) are secreted factors with the capacity to act as superantigens and trigger T-cell proliferation and cytokine release.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Oruba K. Al-Bermani, Hawraa Wahab Al-Kaim, Ali-Malik Saad
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