A Review Bio-Nanotechnology and Nanoparticles Applications in Biology
Bio-Nanotechnology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v16.i1.13948Keywords:
Nanomaterial, Nanotechnology, Bio-NanotechnologyAbstract
Nanotechnology: It is an application to study the basic principles of molecules and compounds that do not exceed one hundred nanometers in size and to engineer them for use in useful applications such as in the field of medicine to treat cancerous diseases and various microbial infections and in the field of engineering, chemistry, physics and other sciences. Numerous bacteria strains that are resistant to antibiotics have arisen as a result of the careless and overuse use antibiotics. As a result, the use of nanoparticles has emerged as a competitive substitute for antibiotics in the fight against the evolution of bacterial drug resistance. In addition to having strong antimicrobial properties that may act by weakening already-existing antimicrobial mechanisms, many organic and inorganic nanomaterials also have unique physical and chemical properties that make them important for the quick, sensitive, and selective detection of microbial infections. Furthermore, compared to traditional antibiotics, nanoparticles have less negative effects. In addition, the incorporation of antimicrobial nanomaterial in medical devices can prevent microbial adhesion and infection, also it used as vaccine adjuvants and/or delivery vehicles can evoke more efficient immune responses against microbial infection. The process of microbial production of nanoparticles (NPs) involves a bottom-up approach. Defense mechanisms for detoxification, such as the oxidation/reduction of metal ions, the creation of metal phosphates, carbonates, and sulfides, or the volatilization of metal ions, function as vital survival procedures.
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