Genotyping Study of CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphism (Rs2319775) In A Sample of Type2 Diabetes Mellitus With And Without Hypertensive Iraqi Patients

Abstract

Background

    The background Adult-onset diabetes, also known as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. It's marked by disruptions in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism due to irregular in insulin secretion, intervention, or both. Over the last decade, diabetes has reached epidemic levels in Iraq, mirroring global rises in the incidence of T2DM.

Method This study was done as a case-control study to replicate these genetic associations in patients with T2DM and hypertension.

Material and Methods Verification of genetic interactions with T2DM and HTN was done as a case-control study. A total of 100 subjects were studied (50 T2DM+HTN and 50 T2DM-HTN), with a control group of 100 subjects. Traditional methods were used to determine the levels of lipid profile. CTLA-4 genes were genotyped using tetra-primer ARMS PCR technique.

Result in Hardy–Weinberg Equation the G allele is more common in patients with T2DM with hypertension and T2DM without hypertension (0.51 % and 0.52 %, respectively) than in controls (0.425 %).GG genotype has significant risk factor that had significant P value of about <0.0001 and OR is 22.85 in codominant model, while the OR of the AG is 3.5.

Conclusions We found that the GG genotype is more common in patient groups than the GA genotype, indicating that it is a risk factor for T2DM disease.

Aim this research was to establish the genotype–phenotype correlation in the registry-based Iraqi population and the association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphism with T2DM in a case-control study.