Intellectual movement centers in Baghdad and aspects of the activities of the Euphrates scholars there until the end of the Abbasid era

Abstract

Baghdad occupied a center of Islamic civilization as of the beginning of the second century AH. The Abbasid caliphs took care of the intellectual aspect, and as a result of this care, it found at the end of the first half of the seventh century AH an intellectual heritage that hardly any civilization can match.
The intellectual centers that spread in Baghdad helped the brilliance of many scholars, especially the scholars of the Euphrates Island, who found in encouraging the caliphs, princes and the general public who helped them advance and document this heritage.