Irony in Andalusian poetry, the era of the caliphate as an example

Abstract

The irony was emotional and emotional, its methods varied between the irony of the narrow conditions and stinginess and the contradiction that sometimes exist in a person’s life. This indicates the richness of the linguistic methods of poets at the time. At a time when sarcasm was closely related to society, the tight living conditions in it pushed some poets to taunt and ridicule the other, and from themselves, just as political

pressure led them to ridicule the reality at time