The stage of Austria's annexation of Germany until the May Crisis of 1938

Authors

  • Prof Dr. Rabie Haider Taher Faculty of Arts/University of Kufa
  • Researcher Ansam Qais Hussein Faculty of Arts/University of Kufa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36322/jksc.v1i73(A).16764

Keywords:

Neville Henderson, The Foreign Office, The Sudetenland

Abstract

The research deals with the stage of Austria's annexation of Germany until the crisis of May 1938, when the Germans insisted on demanding a referendum beyond the 1910 census. This angered Henderson. However, he showed her willingness to stand up to the Germans on the issue of the referendum and was even prepared to resign from the commission in protest. On German behavior.

At no point during his correspondence did Henderson go too far in trying to appease the Germans and eventually became a defender of the Soviet Union, as the State Department criticized Henderson's policies, and Henderson showed sensitivity to the State Department's criticism.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Henderson to Lothian 22/4/38, Lothian Papers, Scottish Record Office LD 40/17/362.

Henderson to Halifax, 16/3/38, PRO 800/269.

Neville Chamberlain to Ida Chamberlain 20/3/38, Chamberlain Papers.

Newton to Halifax 15/3/38, DBFP, 3rd Series, Vol. I, No. 86.

An exception being M. Gilbert and R. Gott, The Appeasers, London, 1963, pp. 111-114.

Newton to Halifax 9/4/38, DBFP, I, No. 98.

J. Charmley, Chamberlain and the Lost Peace, London, 1989, p. 67.

Newton to Halifax 15/3/38, DBFP, I, No. 86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/86.1.15

PRO, Cabinet Committee on Foreign Policy, Cab 27/623 FO.

J. Charmley, Chamberlain and the Lost Peace, London, 1989.

Sir N. Henderson, Fail re of AMission, London, 1940, p129.

H. Aulach, 'Britain and the Sudeten Issue 1938: The Evolution of a Policy', Journal of Contemporary History, 1983, (18), No. 2, pp. 233-60.

Vansittart to Halifax 11/11/37, Halifax Papers, Borthwick Institute, University of York A4.410.3.2

FO 371/21131 quoted in J. W. Bruegel, Czechoslovakia before Munich: The German Minority Problem and British Appeasement Policy, Cambridge, 1973, p. 158; Facing the Dictators, pp. 502-3.

A. R. Peters, Anthony Eden at the Foreign Office 1931-8, Aldershot, 1986, p. 305.

D. Carlton, Anthony Eden, London, 1981, pp. 136-6; M. Gilbert and R. Gott, The Appeasers, pp. 106-7; F. S. Northedge, The Troubled Giant, London, 1966, pp. 498-9; J. Charmley, Chamberlain and the Lost Peace, London, 1989, pp. 32-3; R. Rhodes James, Anthony Eden, London, 1986, pp. 186,206-7; D. Dutton, thonv Eden. A Life and Reputation, London, 1997, pp. 93,102.

Henderson to Halifax 17/3/38, DBFP, 3rd Series, Volume I, No. 93.

Newton to Halifax 20/3/38, ibid., No. 100.

Eisenlohr to Wilhelmstrasse 21/12/37, DGFP, D, II, No. 38.

Halifax to Newton 23/3/38, ibid., No. 110.

House of Commons Debates 24/3/38,5th Series, Vol-333, Cols. 1403-7.

Henderson to Halifax 24/3/38, ibid., No. 115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2075148

Newton to Halifax 3/4/38, No. 129.

ibid., 3/4/38, No. 130 .

ibid., 3/4/38, No. 130 .

J. Haslam, The Soviet Union and the Struggle for Collective Security in Europe 1933-39, London, 1984, p. 167. 154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17601-4

S. Grant Duff, The Parting of Ways, London, 1982, p. 159.

Newton to Halifax 12/4/38, DBFP, 3, I, No. 140.

Henderson to Halifax 20/4/38, No. 152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2018.20.2.38

Halifax to Henderson 4/5/38, No. 172.

Newton to Halifax 16/5/38, No. 221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1919730

Henderson to Halifax 27/2/38,800/269, Henderson Papers, PRO.

ibid., Henderson to Halifax 16/3/38 (50) 38/20.

ibid., Henderson to Halifax 30/3/38,38/28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/pn.38.20.0030b

D. Dilks (ed. ), The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, London, 1971, p. 63.

R. Macleod and D. Kelly (eds. ), Ironside Diaries, 22/9/38, London, 1962, p. 62.

Henderson to Halifax 19/5/38, No. 234.

Ibid 19/5/38, No. 239.

P. Meehan, The Unnecessary War. Whitehall and the German Resistance to Hitler, London, 1992, pp. 132-4.

Henderson to Halifax 19/5/38, No. 235.

Meehan, p. 132.

Ibid, p. 181.

Failure of A Mission, p. 130.

ibid. , p. 133.

M. Cowling, The Impact of Hitler, London, 1977, p. 287.

Halifax to Newton 25/5/38, DBFP, 3, I, No. 315.

In his memoir (Nine Troubled Years, London, 1954, p. 295).

Gilbert and Gott, p. 114.

Failure of A Mission, p. 135.

Ibid,p138.

R. Cockett, The Twilight of Truth, London, 1989, pp. 55-83.

DBFP, 3rd Series, I, p. 340. Henderson, Wit., pp. 135-7. R. Spitzy, How We Squandered the Reich, London, 1997, p. 219.

K. Robbins, Appeasement, Oxford, 1988, pp. 68-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581500022459

Failure of A Mission, p. 135.

P. Schmidt, Hitler's Interroreter, London, 1951, p. 85 .

H. Nogueres, Munich, London, 1965, pp. 63-5.

Failure of A Mission, pp. 137-8.

A. Duff Cooper, Old Men Forget, London, 1955, p. 211.

R. A. C. Parker, Chamberlain and Appeasement, London, 1993, p. 149. See also Neville Chamberlain to Hilda Chamberlain 22/5/38,18/1/1053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23036-5_1

DGFP, Vol. II, No. 175.

ibid., No. 221.

F. S. Northedge, The Troubled Giant, London, 1966, p. 510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2609819

Halifax to Newton 4/5/38, DBFP, 3rd series, I, No. 138.

H. Aulach, 'Britain and the Sudeten Issue 1938: The Evolution of a Policy', JCH, 1983 (18), No. 2, pp. 240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948301800204

R. Bruce Lockhart, Jan Masarvk, London, 1951, p. 18.

H. Nogueres, ich, p. 65.

D. C. Watt, 'Chamberlain's Ambassadors' in M. Dockrill and B. McKercher

(eds. ), Diplomacy and World Power, Cambridge, 1996, p. 151.

Downloads

Published

2024-07-07

How to Cite

Taher, R. and Hussein, A. (2024) “The stage of Austria’s annexation of Germany until the May Crisis of 1938”, Journal of Kufa Studies Center, 1(73(A), pp. 227–254. doi:10.36322/jksc.v1i73(A).16764.

Share