Analysis of financial inclusion indicators in Iraq for the period from (2014 - 2018)

Authors

  • Asst Prof Dr. Sondos Hamid Attia Faculty of Administration and Economics/University of Kufa
  • Researcher Hassan Falih Hussein Faculty of Administration and Economics/University of Kufa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36322/jksc.v1i73(B).16830

Keywords:

financial inclusion, aggregate index, Central Bank of Iraq

Abstract

Financial inclusion is one of the most important developments that took place in the past period, which most countries sought to develop the banking sector, which would contribute to increasing the level of financial inclusion. Iraq is among those countries where it joined the initiative launched by the International Monetary Fund and there was a development in the level of financial inclusion compared to previous years, and indicators of financial inclusion were applied in Iraq and then the aggregate index in Iraq. The study concluded that there is an impact of the level of financial inclusion on the economic life in Iraq by increasing the base of bank deposits, which requires investing those amounts in excess of the need and thus is reflected on the poor and marginalized class to obtain credit at a low interest rate, In an easy and without complicated terms.

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References

المراجع العربية:

أ‌. الدوريات

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البنك المركزي العراقي ، التقرير الاقتصادي السنوي ، 2014 - 2018

البنك المركزي العراقي ، النشرة الاحصائية السنوية ، 2014 – 2018

صندوق النقد العربي، " العلاقات المتداخلة بين الاستقرار المالي والشمول المالي " ، فريق العمل الإقليمي لتعزيز الشمول المالي في الدول العربية، 2015.

المراجع الأجنبية:

A.periodicals

Clamara, Noelia ; Peña, Ximena ; Tuesta , David , " Factors that Matter for Financial Inclusion: Evidence from Peru ", Working Paperm, No.(14/09), Madrid, February,2014.

Copestake, James ; Cabeiio, Mateo ; Groen, Ruth Goodwin ; Gravesteijn ; Humberstone, , Julie ; Johnson, Susan ; Zarazua, Max Nino ; Titus, Matthew, " Towards a plural history of microfinance ", Canadian Journal of Development Studies , vol. (37), No.( 3), March, 2016.

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Evans, OLANIYI; Osi, ALENOGHENA Raymond, " Financial Inclusion and GDP Per Capita in Africa: A Bayesian VAR Model ", Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Vol.(8), No.(18), 2017.

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Liu, Xiaoyu, " Research on the Development of Inclusive Finance in China ", Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), vol. 252, 2018.

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CGAP; Arab Monetary Fund " Financial Inclusion Measurement in the Arab World ", January, 2017

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World Banking ," POLICY FRAMEWORKS TO SUPPORTWOMEN’S FINANCIAL INCLUSION ", Alliance for Financial Inclusion, Special Report, 2016.

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Abou El Ezz, Nahla, "The Impact of Applying Financial Digitization Technology on Financial Inclusion in the Banking Sector in African Countries", Journal of the Faculty of Politics and Economics, Cairo University, Issue Ten, April, 2021.

Al-Naqira, Ahmed Mahmoud Mohamed; Noureddin, Ahmed Mohamed Abdel Hai, "The Role of Financial Inclusion in Enhancing the Level of Customer Confidence in Banking Services: An Applied Study on Customers in the Central Delta Region", Scientific Journal of Economics and Trade, Faculty of Commerce, Menoufia University, Issue (8), Volume (49), Egypt, 2019.

Al-Alaq, Ali Ismail Mohsen, "Central Bank from Monetary Stability to Financial Stability and Promotion of Development (1947-2017)", Central Bank of Iraq, 2017

Khudair, Jinan Mohamed, "Financial Inclusion and Foreign Direct Investments / Obstacles and Solutions", Warith Scientific Journal, College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq, Issue (7), Volume (3), 2021.

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Abu Muwais, Ghassan, "The Repercussions of Banks' Commitment to Implementing Recommendations and Procedures Related to Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing on Their Ability to Achieve Financial Inclusion in Arabic Countries", Arabic Monetary Fund, Abu Dhabi, United Arabic UAE, Issue (02), May, 2018

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Central Bank of Iraq, Annual Statistical Bulletin, 2014 – 2018

Arab Monetary Fund, "Interrelationships between Financial Stability and Financial Inclusion", Regional Task Force to Enhance Financial Inclusion in Arabic Countries, 2015.

Foreign references:

A.periodicals

Clamara, Noelia ; Peña, Ximena ; Tuesta , David , " Factors that Matter for Financial Inclusion: Evidence from Peru ", Working Paperm, No. (14/09), Madrid, February,2014.

Copestake, James ; Cabeiio, Mateo ; Groen, Ruth Goodwin ; Gravesteijn ; Humberstone, , Julie ; Johnson, Susan ; Zarazua, Max Nino ; Titus, Matthew, " Towards a plural history of microfinance ", Canadian Journal of Development Studies , vol. (37), No. ( 3), March, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2016.1197102

El-Zoghbi, Mayada ; Holle, Nina ; Soursourian, Matthew, " EMERGING EVIDENCE ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION ", Consultative Group to Assist the Poor , CGAP/World Bank, July ,2019.

Evans, OLANIYI; Osi, ALENOGHENA Raymond, " Financial Inclusion and GDP Per Capita in Africa: A Bayesian VAR Model ", Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, Vol.(8), No. (18), 2017.

Ezazul, Islam, " . Inclusive Finance in the Asia‐Pacific Region: Trends and Approaches ", Trends and Approaches, Working Paper, WP/15/07,2015.

Gopalan , Sasidaran ; Kikuchi, Tomoo," Financial Inclusion in Asia ", Series Editor Mario La Torre, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58337-6

Han, Rui ; Melecky, Martin, " Financial Inclusion for Financial Stability ", Policy Research Working Paper (6577), World Bank, August, 2013.

Iqbal, Zamir; Sultan, Jahangir ; Asutay, Mehmet," Financial Inclusion and Poverty Alleviation ", Editors, Zulkhibri, Muhamed; Ismail, Abdul Ghafar, Switzerland, Number,2017.

Liu, Xiaoyu, " Research on the Development of Inclusive Finance in China ", Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), vol. 252, 2018.

Opletalová, Alena, " Financial education and financial literacy in the Czech education System ",Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , Vol.(171),January,2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.229

Tita, Anthanasius Fomum, " Financial development, financial inclusion and welfare dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa ",(PhD)., University of Stellenbosch, March, 2017.

B.Reports

CGAP; Arab Monetary Fund " Financial Inclusion Measurement in the Arab World ", January, 2017

United Nations, " The Millennium Development Goals Report", 2015.

World Banking ," POLICY FRAMEWORKS TO SUPPORTWOMEN’S FINANCIAL INCLUSION ", Alliance for Financial Inclusion, Special Report, 2016.

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Published

2026-02-23

How to Cite

Attia, S. and Hussein, H. (2026) “Analysis of financial inclusion indicators in Iraq for the period from (2014 - 2018)”, Journal of Kufa Studies Center, 1(73(B), pp. 91–120. doi:10.36322/jksc.v1i73(B).16830.

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