Education in maryland1775-1865
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36322/jksc.176(E).19900Keywords:
Maryland, Lancaster System, Francis Nicholson, Samuel Knox, libertus van bok kelenAbstract
The research aims to study the conditions of education in the state of Maryland and what it became during the American War of Independence (1775-1783), the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and the American Civil War (1861-1865) and its impact on the educational reality and its stumbling during those wars, and the procedures The legislature of Maryland as part of the American Federation to overcome obstacles to the educational process.
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( ) Susan Wilkhson, Education And The Maryland Colony, No Date, P.141.
( ) الجدول من اعداد الباحث بالاعتماد على Ibid, P.144.
( ) Ibid, P.513.
( ) William R. Cole Chief Cierk, Report Of The State Superinmendent Of Public Instruction To The General Assembly Of Maryland, Annapolis, 1865, P.23.
( ) Ibid, P.26.
( ) الجدول من عمل الباحث بالاعتماد على
William R. Cole Chief Cierk, Op.Cit, P.30.
( ) -----------, Maryland Department Of Education, Education In The States: Historical Development And Outlook A Project Of The Council Of Chief State School Officers, National Education Association Of The United States, 1969, P.13.
( ) William R. Cole Chief Cierk, Op.Cit, P.37.
( ) John L. Donaldson, State Administration In Maryland, A Dissertation Submitted To The Board Of University Studies Of The John Hopkins University In Conformity With The Requirements For The Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy, Baltimore, 1916, P.65.
( ) -----------, Maryland Department Of Education, Education In The States: Historical Development And Outlook A Project Of The Council Of Chief State School Officers, National Education Association Of The United States, 1969, P.17.
( ) John L. Donaldson, Op.Cit, P.67.
( ) نظام لانكستير: نظام تعليمي مبني على التعليم الهرمي يقوم فيه المعلم الواحد بتعليم العديد من الطلاب الذين يقومون بدورهم بتعليم زملائهم اذ قام المعلمان البريطانيان جوزيف لانكستر واندرو بيل بتطوير هذه النسخة من هذه الاستراتيجية التربوية في نهاية القرن الثامن عشر، تبنت أمريكا نظام لانكستر وبالخصوص من الإنجيلين ومن الكويكر وكذلك الإصلاحيون باعتباره طريقة لتعليم شباب أمريكا في نظام المسيحية الواسعة البعيدة عن الطائفية، للمزيد ينظر:
Webster E. Browning, Joseph Lancaster, James Thomson, And The Lancasterian System Of Mutual Instruction, With Special Reference To Hispanic America, The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 4, No. 1(Feb.1921), P.54.
( ) Ibid, P.57.
( ) Charles A. Earp, The Role Of Education In The Maryland Colonization Movement, The Journal Of Negro History, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Jul., 1941), Association For The Study Of African American Life And History, 2005, P.371.
( ) Ibid, P.373.
( ) Charles A. Earp, Op.Cit, P.375.
( ) Bernard C. Steiner, History Of Education In Maryland, United States Of Education, Circular Of Information No.2, 1894, Washington, 1894, P.189.
( ) Ibid, P.192.
( ) Abbe Felix Klein, In The Land Of The Strenuous Life, Chicago, 1905, P.182.
( ) Ibid, P.188.
( ) الجدول من اعداد الباحث بالاعتماد على:
Report Of January I, 1889; Also Resolution Of October 16, 1875, No. 486.
( ) ليبرتوس فان بوك كيلين (1815-1889): اول مشرف للتعليم العام في ولاية ماريلاند عام 1864، درس في مدرسة سانت بول في نيويورك اصبح كاهنا في عام 1842 عين في عام 1845 عميدا لكنيسة القديس تيموث وشغل منصب مفوض مدرسة مقاطعة ماريلاند من عام 1859 حتى عام 1864 بعد مصادقة ولاية ماريلاند على دستور عام 1864 أسست ولاية ماريلاند مدرسة الولاية للمعلمين، اكد فان بوك ان من واجب الدولة السيطرة على اعداد المعلمين المستقبلين اشرف بنفسه على برنامج التعليم في الولاية اصبح رئيسا لجمعية المعلمين عام 1866، ينظر:
J. Shaaff Stockett, Maryland Report: Cases Adjudged In The Court Of Appeals Of Maryland, Vol.Lviii, Baltimore, 1883, P.83.
( ) Ibid, P.98.
( ) J. Shaaff Stockett, Op.Cit, P.98.
( ) J. Thomas Scharf, History Of Maryland From The Earliest Period To The Present Day, Vol.2, Baltimore, 1879, P.515.
( ) J. Thomas Scharf, Vol.2, P.520.
( ) Bernard C. Steiner, Op.Cit, P.237.
( ) Daniel C. Gilman, The History Of University Education In Maryland, Baltimore, 1891, P.48.
( ) Samuel Knox, An Essay On The Best System Of Liberal Education, Baltimore, 1799, P. 36.
( ) Ibid, P. 59.
( ) Daniel C. Gilman, Op.Cit, P.63.
( ) Samuel Knox, Op.Cit, P.65.
( ) Guilday Peter, The Life And Times Of John Carroll Archbishop, New York, 1922, P.524.
( ) William Howe Tolman, History Of Higher Education In Rhode Island, Washington, 1894, P.161.
( ) Ibid, P.165.
( ) John Thomas Scharf, The Chronicales Of Baltimore From The Earliest Period To The Present Time, Baltimore, 1874, 294,
( ) Samuel Knox, Op.Cit, P.65., 300.
( ) Daniel C. Gilman, Op.Cit, P.35.
( ) Bernard C. Steiner, Op.Cit, P.237.
( ) Ibid, P.238.
( ) Samuel Knox, Op.Cit, P.65, 310.
( ) Bernard C. Steiner, Op.Cit, P.174.
( ) John Thomas Scharf, History Of Western Maryland Being A History Of Frederick, Montgomery, Carroll, Washington, Allegany, And Garrett Counties From The Earliest Period To The Present Day Including Biographical Sketches Of Their Representative Men, Philadelphia, 1882, P.495.
( ) Ibid, P.508.
( ) Ibid, P.603.
( ) Daniel C. Gilman, Op.Cit, P.66.
( ) Wanda E. Gill, The History Of Maryland Historically Black Colleges, Maryland, 1935, P.92.
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