مواجهة جائحة كوفيد-19 في ماليزيا: الأثار والسياسات
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2023/v1.i57.11850الكلمات المفتاحية:
الجائحة، السياسات، الاغلاقات، الاقتصاد، ماليزيا، الاثارالملخص
يستهدف البحث السياسات المختلفة التي انتهجتها الدول النامية لمواجهة فيروس كورونا وتم اتخاذ ماليزيا أنموذجا لها إذ حيث شكلت الجائحة خطرا كبيرا بالنسبة للأفراد وعلى المستوى الحياتي والاقتصادي مما أثر بصورة كبيرة على الاقتصاد العالمي والمحلي لجميع دول العالم ،اذ عملت دول العالم المختلفة بما فيها الدولة موضوع البحث للحد من اثارها وتسطيح منحنى الإصابات باقل الخسائر الانية والمستقبلية على اقتصادها كون الإجراءات التي تم اتخاذها ذات اثر ضخم عليها فاستوجب اتخاذ مجموعة من السياسات والإجراءات لإيقاف تدهوره مع التوازن وعدم الاسترسال او المبالغة فيها لأثارها السلبية. وقد قسمت الدراسة الى مطلبين الأول الأثر الاقتصادي للجائحة على الاقتصاد الماليزي والثاني تعلق بالسياسات والإجراءات الاقتصادية وغير الاقتصادية وخلال مرحلتي الاغلاق وإعادة فتح الاقتصاد.
التنزيلات
المراجع
Motasem N. Saidan et al, Estimation of the probable outbreak size of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in social gathering events and industrial activities, International Journal of Infectious Diseases 98 2020.p6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.105
Sulaiman Tahajuddin, The Malaysian Experience on Covid-19 Pandemic: The Articles Review and Potential Research Opportunities from the Organizational and Accounting Perspectives, International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), Vol 3, Issue 1 Jan-Feb 2021, p755.
Alicia García Herrero, The impact of “Novel CoronavirusPneumonia” on global valuechain, Asian Financial Cooperation Association WP/2020-04/70, Feb 18, 2020.P 6
Global EDGE. https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/malaysia/tradestats
Qing Xie, Vinu Sundararaj & Rejeesh MR, Analyzing the factors affecting the attitude of public toward lockdown, institutional trust, and civic engagement activities, Journal of community psychology vol 50. No 2 ,2022.p2
Hasimi Muhamad, Malaysia loses RM2.4 billion a day throughout MCO - Prime Minister, astroawani, 2020 08:34 MYT. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/malaysia-loses-rm24-billion-day-throughout-mco-prime-minister-241019 17/8/2022
Muhammed Abdul Khalid, COVID-19: Malaysia Experience and Key Lessons, Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMA) National University of Malaysia,2020.p16
DANIAL DZULKIFLY. Muhyiddin: tourism industry hit hardest by Covid-19, faces RM3.37b loss. Malay Mail, Friday, 13 Mar 2020 9:45 PM MYT.
Lee-Peng Foo et al, The impact of COVID-19 on tourism industry in Malaysia,Routledge, VOL. 24, NO. 19,2021.p2735 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1777951
Calvin Cheng, COVID-19 in Malaysia: Economic Impacts & Fiscal Responses, POLICY BRIEF, Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia, 26 March 2020.p3
Tav-Chinlim et al, Effectiveness of the Covid-19 Economic Stimulus Packages: Viewpoints from Malaysian Young Entrepreneurs, Monografico,vol 39,no 4,2021.p2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i4.4569
يشير MCO إلى الإغلاق أو الحظر الشامل للحركات والتجمعات الجماهيرية بما في ذلك الأنشطة الدينية والرياضية والاجتماعية والثقافية.
Calvin Cheng, COVID-19 in Malaysia: Economic Impacts & Fiscal Responses, POLICY BRIEF, Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia, 26 March 2020.p2
المناطق الحمراء هي المناطق ذات التفشي الواسع والمتزايد باطراد.
Asita Elengoe, COVID-19 Outbreak in Malaysia, Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives,vol11,no 3,2020.p94 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.08
Qing Xie, Vinu Sundararaj & Rejeesh MR, Analyzing the factors affecting the attitude of public toward lockdown, institutional trust, and civic engagement activities, Journal of community psychology vol 50. No 2 ,2022.p4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22681
Samsuri Abdullah et al, Association of Air Pollutant Index (API) on SARS-CoV-2 of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) in Malaysia, Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE), vol 16. no 1,2022.p6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2021.094
Mohamad Syahmi Mat Daud et al, The Influences of Attitude, Religiosity, and Subjective Norm on Muslim’s Donation Intention During COVID-19 Lockdown in Malaysia, International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, Vol. 17, No. 3, June, 2022. pp. 915 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170321
The world bank IBRD.IDA, Poverty & Equity Brief Malaysia East Asia & Pacific April 2022.
Siew Siew Yong & Joseph Kee-Ming Sia, COVID-19 and social wellbeing in Malaysia: A case study, Current Psychology,vol1,no 15,2021.p5
Ashley, New minimum wage gazette. The Star . Tuesday, 14 Jan 2020 . Retrieved 15/8/22 from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/ 2020/01/14/new-minimum-wage-gazetted.
MOHD TAJUDDIN ABDULLAH et al, FRAMEWORK OF MEASURES FOR COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MALAYSIA: THREATS, INITIATIVES AND OPPORTUNITIES, Journal of Sustainability Science and Management Volume 17 Number 3, March 2022.p7
Howard Perlman France ups minimum wages for 2020, social contributions affected, Dec. 28, 2019, 12:54 AM. Retrieved15/8/2022, from https://news. bloombergtax.com/payroll/france-ups-minimum-wages-for-2020- social-contributions-affected
Min Min Tan, Ahmad Farouk Musa and Tin Tin Su, The role of religion in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic: the Malaysian multi-faith perspectives, Health Promotion International,vol1,no 13.2021.p3
Siti `Aisyah Baharudin et al, MCO in Malaysia: Consumer Confidence and Households’ Responses (PKP di Malaysia: Keyakinan Pengguna dan Tindak Balas Isi Rumah), Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia vol55 no1 2021.p102.
JOHN BUNYAN,Malaysia under movement control order from Wed until March 31, all shops closed except for essential services, Malay Mail [Internet]. Available from: https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/03/16/pm-malaysia-in-lockdown-from-weduntil-march-31-all-shops-closed-except-for/1847204 2/8/2022
رمز CMCO إلى أمر مراقبة الحركة المشروط ويشير إلى مختلف الأنشطة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية المسموح بها وفقًا للشروط وإجراءات التشغيل القياسية المحددة. للمزيد يراجع:
Siti `Aisyah Baharudin et al, MCO in Malaysia: Consumer Confidence and Households’ Responses (PKP di Malaysia: Keyakinan Pengguna dan Tindak Balas Isi Rumah), Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia vol55 no1 2021.p100.
Amir Yusof , Malaysia’s recovery movement control order extended to Dec 31, tourists still not allowed in: PM Muhyiddin. Channel News Asia, 28 Aug 2020.
Azwardi & Sri Andaiyani, The Role of Monetary Instruments to Financial Market in the Pandemic Covid Era, International journal of Innovation in Management Economics and Social Science, Vol. 2, No 2,2022. P52.
Siti `Aisyah Baharudin et al, MCO in Malaysia: Consumer Confidence and Households’ Responses (PKP di Malaysia: Keyakinan Pengguna dan Tindak Balas Isi Rumah), Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia vol55 no1 2021.p101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/JEM-2021-5501-7
Muhammed Abdul Khalid, COVID-19: Malaysia Experience and Key Lessons, Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMA) National University of Malaysia,2020.p3
Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah et al, Framework of measures for COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia: threats,initiatives and opportunities, Journal of Sustainability Science and Management Vol 17 No 3, March 2022.p8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.03.002
Siew Siew Yong & Joseph Kee-Ming Sia, COVID-19 and social wellbeing in Malaysia: A case study, Current Psychology,vol1,no 15,2021.pp6-7
No, we are not paying 20 times more, says Khairy. Available from: https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2020/12/21/no-we-are-not-paying-20-times-more-says-khairy/. Accessed 13/8/2022.
Alan Tan Chew Leong , Malaysia Economy - OPR - BNM Maintains Its OPR Unchanged at 1.75% , Affin Hwang Research, 21/ Jan 2021.p1 https://klse.i3investor.com/web/staticfile/view/413383 7/8/2022
Our world data https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations 15/8/2022
نظام تأمين العمل (EIS)
Lee Loh Joo, Impact of Stressors caused by Covid-19 to Employees’ Mental Health, Master of Business Administration, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, November 2020.p17
Calvin Cheng, COVID-19 in Malaysia: Economic Impacts & Fiscal Responses, POLICY BRIEF, Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia, 26 March 2020.p2
Mohd Aliff Abdul Majid et al, Finding the Silver Lining: Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Small Food Business, JOURNAL OF ALGEBRAIC STATISTICS Volume 13, No. 3, 2022.p1043
MOF (Ministry of Finance). 2020c. 19th LAKSANA Report. Putrajaya: Ministry of Finance.p3
https://www.mof.gov.my/portal/pdf/laporan-laksana/teks/speech-20.pdf 13/8/2022
منظمة التعاون الإسلامي ،الاثار الاجتماعية والاقتصادية لجائحة كوفيد -19 في الدول الأعضاء لمنظمة التعاون الإسلامي الافاق والتحديات،مركز الأبحاث الإحصائية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والتدرب للدول الإسلامي ،انقرة – تركيا ،ايار 2020 .ص64
Mat Salleh Ayub , Mazalan Mifli and Azmi Majid, The Impact of Government Stimulus Packages Towards Business Survival During Covid-19 Among Small and Medium Enterprises in Sabah, Asian Journal of Research in Business and Management, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2022.p101
المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة
Bank Negara Malaysia, Budget measures to assist individuals and SMEs affected by COVID-19,6 Nov 2020. https://www.bnm.gov.my/-/budget-measures-to-assist-individuals-and-smes-affected-by-covid-1 20/8/2022
DOSM (Department of Statistics Malaysia). 2020c. Report of Special Survey on Effects of COVID-19 on the Economy and Individual. Putrajaya: Department of Statistics Malaysia.
البنك الدولي : https://data.albankaldawli.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CN?locations=MY 15/8/2022
Yin Shao Loong & Wan Amirah Wan Usamah, The Malaysian Economy and COVID-19: Policies and Responses from January 2020 – April 2021, UNCTAD/BRI PROJECT/ RP 30,2022.p34
Azwardi & Sri Andaiyani, The Role of Monetary Instruments to Financial Market in the Pandemic Covid Era, International journal of Innovation in Management Economics and Social Science, Vol. 2, No 2,2022. P58
إعادة الشراء المعاكس: إحدى أدوات السياسة النقدية التي يستخدمها البنك المركزي، ويقوم بموجبها الاقتراض من المصارف التجارية من أجل سحب أو ضخ السيولة في السوق للسيطرة على المعروض النقدي.
Sri Andaian et al, Covid-19, Financial Market Vulnerabilities and Dynamics Monetary Policy: Comparative Analysis, Management and Economics Review vol 7. No 2,2022.pp 161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24818/mer/2022.06-04
Muhammed Abdul Khalid, COVID-19: Malaysia Experience and Key Lessons, Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMA) National University of Malaysia,2020.p23
klse I3investor, Malaysia Economy - OPR - BNM Maintains Its OPR Unchanged at 1.75%, Thu, 21 Jan 2021, 12:55 PM. https://klse.i3investor.com/web/blog/detail/hwangdbs/2021-01-21-story-h1540131078-Malaysia_Economy_OPR_BNM_Maintains_Its_OPR_Unchanged_at_1_75 18/8/2022
AZRIL ANNUAR, Bank Negara announces automatic six-month moratorium on all bank loans — except for credit card balances, malaymail, Tuesday, 24 Mar 2020 .
BNM (Bank Negara Malaysia). 2020. Press Release: Monetary Policy Statement. 7 July.
https://www.bnm.gov.my/monetary-stability/opr-decisions 13/8/2022
Alan Tan Chew Leong , Malaysia Economy - OPR - BNM Maintains Its OPR Unchanged at 1.75% , Affin Hwang Research, 21/ Jan 2021https://klse.i3investor.com/web/staticfile/view/413383 7/8/2022.p1 7/8/2022
Bank Negara Malaysia, Measures to Assist Individuals, SMEs and Corporates Affected by COVID-19, 25 Mar 2020. https://www.bnm.gov.my/-/measures-to-assist-individuals-smes-and-corporates-affected-by-covid-19 20/8/2022
Bank Negara Malaysia, Additional Measures to Further Support SMEs and Individuals Affected by the COVID-19 Outbrea, 27 Mar 2020. https://www.bnm.gov.my/-/additional-measures-to-further-support-smes-and-individuals-affected-by-the-covid-19-outbreak 20/8/2022
Securities Commission Malaysia ANNUAL REPORT 2020.p29
https://www.sc.com.my/api/documentms/download.ashx?id=e1c7eb21-53db-4f02-a8f8-55dc09f9ffff 25/8/2022
Securities Commission Malaysia ANNUAL REPORT 2020, PART 2 • ENSURING STABILITY AND CONTINUITY DURING COVID-19.p36
https://www.sc.com.my/api/documentms/download.ashx?id=e1c7eb21-53db-4f02-a8f8-55dc09f9ffff 25/8/2022
Bank Negara Malaysia, BNM's Fund for SMEs. https://www.bnm.gov.my/funds4sme 26/8/2022
Bank Negara Malaysia, Budget measures to assist individuals and SMEs affected by COVID-19,6 Nov 2020. https://www.bnm.gov.my/-/budget-measures-to-assist-individuals-and-smes-affected-by-covid-1 20/8/2022
Ain Umaira Md Shah et al, COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia: Actions taken by the Malaysian government, International Journal of Infectious Diseases ,97,2020.p113
Ain Umaira Md Shah et al, COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia: Actions taken by the Malaysian government, International Journal of Infectious Diseases 97,2020.p 112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.093
Shahrill Ramli et al, The Aristotelian ethos of Muhyiddin Yassin’s Prihatin (Care) Economic Stimulus Package speech, SEARCH Journal of Media and Communication Research,vol 14 no 1,2022.p50
Yin Shao Loong, The Malaysian Economy and COVID-19: Policies and Responses from January 2020 – April 2021, United Nations,2022.p18
Fatin Afiqah Md. Azm et al, Towards Stabilizing the Economic Impact of COVID-19 through Fiscal Policy in Malaysia, Geopolitics Quarterly, Vol 17, Special Issue, Spring 2021.p98
Yin Shao Loong, The Malaysian Economy and COVID-19: Policies and Responses from January 2020 – April 2021, United Nations,2022.p29
Bahasa Malaysia, FISCAL OUTLOOK AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE ESTIMATES ARCHIVES,section 4 debt managmeant,2020.p127
Yeah Kim Leng, Malaysia’s 2021 Budget Aims to Sustain Recovery Momentum and Kickstart Post-pandemic Rebuilding of the Economy, ISEAS – YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE ANALYSE CURRENT EVENTS, No. 147.2020.p3.
Bloomberg, Malaysia Set to Raise Debt-to-GDP Limit to Support Economy,on 11 /10/ 2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-11/malaysia-tables-bill-to-raise-debt-cap-to-aid-economic-rebound#xj4y7vzkg 25/8/2022
Muhammed Abdul Khalid, COVID-19: Malaysia Experience and Key Lessons, Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMA) National University of Malaysia, 2020.p20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00801
Azwardi & Sri Andaiyani, The Role of Monetary Instruments to Financial Market in the Pandemic Covid Era, International journal of Innovation in Management Economics and Social Science, Vol. 2, No 2,2022. P53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52547/ijimes.2.2.51
Yin Shao Loong, The Malaysian Economy and COVID-19: Policies and Responses from January 2020 – April 2021, United Nations,2022.p30
- Yin Shao Loong, The Malaysian Economy and COVID-19: Policies and Responses from January 2020 – April 2021, United Nations,2022.p12
Yin Shao Loong, The Malaysian Economy and COVID-19: Policies and Responses from January 2020 – April 2021, United Nations,2022.p18
MOF (Ministry of Finance). 2020a. PRIHATIN Rakyat Economic Stimulus Package. Accesse
التنزيلات
منشور
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2023 ظاهر عمران موسى، ا.د . حسن لطيف كاظم الزبيدي

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.










