The thermal island and the geographical factors affecting the city of Kufa

Abstract

Abstract

The study aims to identify the geographical factors of the city of Kufa, and their effects on the climatic elements in the city, especially the temperature, wind speed and directions, and relative humidity, in order to detect the presence of a thermal island in it, and the impact of that island on the city’s climate in a way that contributes to future planning for various uses in the city of Kufa. Many studies have shown that one of the main problems facing urban residents at the present time is the existence of a heat island that results from the processes of urbanization and industrialization accompanying the prosperity and development of civilization, if these two processes cause many problems and climatic phenomena, including global warming, industrial waste and air pollution As well as the heat island, which is the subject of the study. The heat island has an adverse effect that causes great danger in urban cities, especially industrial ones, because it affects the environmental environment significantly and loses its natural balance.