The President of the Republic in Iraq

is a president in a parliamentary or presidential system

Abstract

Since the fall of the monarchy in Iraq in 1958, interim constitutions have been issued in succession, followed by dictatorships leading military coups and ruling the executive authority, each claiming that it came to save the nation from the woes of a defunct regime. These constitutions were crowned by the 1970 interim constitution, which remained in effect until the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in 2003. This stage was followed by the issuance of the Law of Administration for the Transitional Period, and this law interpreted the phrase (transitional period) as the stage required to draft a permanent Iraqi constitution and form a new Iraqi government, with the last date for its formation being December 31, 2005. On October 15, 2005, the Iraqi people held a referendum on the permanent constitution, which was the first after the fall of the monarchy. This constitution adopted a federal parliamentary republican system, but did not mention the expression constitutional, central, or federal union in its texts. But the discussions of drafting this constitution, its debates, and the conflicts between the political forces and movements and the constitutional institutions that stipulated it, all indicate that the constitutional legislator adopted the federal system.