اثر إستقلالية البنك المركزي على بعض متغيرات الاقتصاد الكلي في العراق للمدة (1991-2013 )

Abstract

المستخلص

يعد القطاع المصرفي أحد القطاعات الرائدة في الاقتصادات الحديثة لكونه أصبح يمثل حلقة الاتصال الأكثر أهمية على الصعيدين الداخلي والخارجي,  وإذا كان القطاع المصرفي  واحداً من أهم القطاعات الاقتصادية فإن البنك المركزي يمثل المحور الرئيس لهذا القطاع وزيادة قدرته على المنافسة والتطور وذلك لما يقوم به من دور في إدارة السياسة النقدية والمصرفية والحفاظ على الاستقرار المالي ومن ثم  إرساء أسس نمو اقتصادي قابل للاستمرار. ولذلك فقد  حظيت  موضوعة  استقلالية البنك المركزي بأهمية كبيرة في  الدراسات الاقتصادية وخاصة الدراسات المالية والمصرفية  ،وذلك لتأثيرها في النشاط الاقتصادي للبلد من خلال ما يمتلكه البنك المركزي من صلاحيات وإمكانيات  تمكنه من ممارسة مهامه ووظائفه لكي يحقق أهداف السياسة النقدية , وهذا مايبرر سعي العديد من البلدان لمنح  الاستقلالية لبنوكها المركزية ولاسيما العراق الذي يعتبر اعلى استقلالية بين الدول العربية .

Abstract

The parking central banks to pyramid the central system and higher control over the banking system and doing most of the job and that of them and the government's job bank, made some intellectuals and professionals economists that called for the need to give great importance to the independence of central banks from the state and as a result of some of the inflationary trends that have emerged and which they attributed these to the direct or indirect control of the government in the central bank Venmy this trend towards the need to grant full independence of the Central Bank and perhaps this growth has increased in three of the last century contracts where is all of the Bundesbank (Albandzbank) and the US central bank (Fed) and the Swiss Central Bank of the most famous examples of this, as several pieces of legislation were issued during the first of this century the contract to promote the independence of central banks in many countries, such as France, New Zealand, Mexico, Chile and Venezuela, not to mention as stipulated in the Maastricht Treaty on Bank ECB, and in the same direction radical shift in the legislation central banks of some developing countries, and according to the advice of the central banks of developed capitalist countries from the joint relationship with central banks in developing countries has occurred after the latter mostly belonging to Ministry of Finance and contribute significantly and effective in the financing of development in accordance with the directives of the government, and therefore should be given great importance to the issue and study the effect of this independence on economic variables, in particular, which is an important indicator of economic stability indicators and chose which inflation and unemployment, and came this research to study this relationship between central bank independence and those variables in Iraq , the study findings to a group of the most important conclusions of the independence of the Central Bank of Iraq affect the inflation rate of 14% .