نظريتا الحق الالهي والعقد الاجتماعي دراسة مقارنة
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36322/jksc.v1i10.4767Abstract
خامسا البحث الموسوم بـ(نظريتا الحق الإلهي والعقد الاجتماعي دراسة مقارنة) للمدرس المساعد صباح كريم رياح الفتلاوي، وقد اشتمل على تمهيد ومبحثين، تناول في التمهيد هدف البحث، وهو المقارنة بين نظريتي الحق الإلهي والعقد الاجتماعي، وتناول في المبحث الأول (نظرية الحق الإلهي)، إذ إن الحق الإلهي والسيادة كانا صيغتين حقوقيتين أو لاهوتيتين تهدفان إلى تسويغ إجراءات وقرارات الدولة، وتناول في المبحث الثاني (نظرية العقد الاجتماعي)، وتعني أن الحاكم مفوض من الله على الأرض ليحكم وفق عقد يحدد نصوص هذا التفويض، وقد توصل الباحث الى أن نظريتي الحق الإلهي والعقد الاجتماعي من أهم النظريات التي ظهرت في العصر الحديث، وأن الأخيرة قد قد تركت آثارا واضحة على تأريخ الفكر الأوربي خلال القرن الثامن عشر وما بعده.Intellectuals differ on the origins of the emergence of State and Government, as a result of this difference differentiated theories of political and intellectual trends and different methods and their applications, so many theories emerged that reflects the views of philosophers and thinkers on the subject, classified as those theories and intellectual trends to two types:
1 (Alteoukratih theories).
2 (theories of democracy).
The first theory of divine right, while a second theory of the social contract.
The two theories of the most important theories that have emerged in the modern era, although the roots of the oldest first since returning to the fact the age of mediator, but its distinctive shape in my era of (James I) King of England (1603 1625) and (Louis XIV ) King of France (1642 1715) as Malika and their supporters took refuge on the theory of divine right to consolidate their positions towards the popular pressure in general bourgeois class in particular.
We will try in this research to compare the theories and methods of their assets and their applications and concepts of intellectual and political through the study of the most important intellectual and political views that were clearly reflect on these two theories of thinkers and philosophers of Europe, especially in England and France
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