The term righteousness (birr) in verses and hadiths

An analytical study

Abstract

At the beginning of the research, I point out that righteousness is important in all ethical aspects and standards through which a Muslim can establish a solid foundation that benefits him and society, according to the matters indicated in the Qur’an and Sunnah. This research examines the concept of righteousness from its linguistic, religious, and ethical aspects, explaining its importance as a central concept in Islam, as it encompasses the meanings of goodness and benevolence, and is a fundamental component in building the character of the faithful individual and a comprehensive society. It then moves on to the technical meaning, explaining that "righteousness" in Islam is not limited to the outward manifestation of worship, but rather encompasses belief in God, the Last Day, the angels, the scriptures, and the prophets, in addition to spending in the way of God, prayer, zakat, fulfilling promises, patience, and kindness to people, especially relatives and the needy. The study emphasizes that righteousness is a comprehensive way of life that promotes positive values such as honesty, justice, giving, and social solidarity, contributing to the building of a cohesive and spiritually balanced society. The study concludes that righteousness is not merely a passing act, but rather the essence of religion and the spirit of worship, and one of the greatest causes of God's pleasure and human happiness in this world and the hereafter.