Criticism of the views of orientalists on the emergence of the Shiite sect according to hadiths and historical biographies

Abstract

Contrary to the prevailing belief among the Shiites, who consider that the emergence of Shiism and its emergence in the era of the Prophet (PBUH) corresponds to the emergence of Islam, a group of orientalists, based on their doctrinal foundations, consider Shiism to be a historical event after the death of the Prophet (PBUH) and it is considered that it arose from the Saqifa of Bani Sa’dah. And a group of them consider Shiism a fabrication of the Iranians, as well as the sharp reaction of the Iranian spirit against the Arab-Islamic domination of Iran, and they even declared that the Shiites’ hostility to the second Caliph was a reason for the Arab Muslim invasion of Iran in their lifetime. Some orientalists, while recognizing the Arab origin of Shi'ism, believe in the influence of Iranian culture on this religion and refer to Shi'ism as Iranian Islam. In this article, we tried to prove by using the verses of the Qur’an, Nahj al-Balagha, narrations, evidence and historical documents that the origin of Islam is Shiite, and Shi’ism is like the blood that flows in the veins of Islam and its appearance is linked to the third year of the Messenger of God (PBUH) and also coincides with the slogan (Say: There is no god but God, you will be successful. And as we have criticized in this article the works of some orientalists with an analytical-descriptive appearance. The views of the origin of the Shiite religion focus briefly on the verse (Say: There is no god but God, you will be successful) or after the death of the Prophet or Abdullah bin Saba or during the caliphate of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), or after the story of the arbitration of the Kharijites, or after the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (peace be upon), or at the hands of the Iranians Or after the killing of al-Mukhtar, or during the era of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him), or during the era of the absence of the minor, or during the era of the Buyids, or during th e era of the Safavid