Geographical analysis of the hydrological characteristics of the Azim River

Abstract

Al-Azim River is considered one of the seasonal rivers of seasonal flow due to its dependence on rain, and it fluctuates from year to year, as the basin experiences a drought year between every two or three years, and the river experiences flood waves during the months of January and March. It dries up after that, and the water discharge varies in time annually. The reason for this is due to the variation in the natural conditions prevailing in the region represented by the geological formation and climatic elements (temperature, wind, relative humidity, rain and evaporation), the surface, soil and natural vegetation and the effect of these conditions on the variation of water periods, so the research aims to know Quantitative hydrological characteristics and their annual, seasonal, monthly and daily variations of the Azim River for the period (1989-2019) in order to plan for its development, management and use in seasons of scarcity, especially after the water policy of the upstream countries and the reduction of Iraq's water share. The study showed that the average discharge in the Azim River Basin for the period (1989-2019) amounted to (29.2) m3/s. The percentage of rainfall in the Al-Azim River basin varies from the total runoff in wet, temperate and dry years. The spring season contributes the largest percentage of discharge, amounting to (41.0)% in the dry year (1989) and (44.4)% in the wet year (2019), and spring comes in second place with a percentage of (29.5)% during the temperate year (2002), and winter comes in The second place in terms of the percentage of contribution to the flow, and the percentage of the summer contribution to the flow was (9.3%)% in the dry year and (12.2)% in the temperate year, and (5.5)% in the wet year (2019). The contribution of autumn runoff is (14.6, 8.4, 10.1)% in the dry, temperate and humid year, respectively. We note that the upper limit of the daily high discharge in Nahr al-Azim reached (132.23) m3 / s during the water year (2018-2019), on (05/21/2019), while the minimum limit and for the same water year amounted to (116.23) m3 / sec. Tha on the date (4/11/2018), thus the difference between the highest and lowest daily discharge amounted to 16 m3 / sec, and the average daily minimum discharge was (90.60) m3 / sec in the year (2000) on (1/1/2000).