Planning the Arab Islamic city (Najaf and Kufa as a model)

Abstract

The planning of cities in the era of early Islam is a civilized and Arab-Islamic aspect, and Iraq was the first country to have this civilized aspect in the Arab-Islamic history. The city of Wasit was planned in the year 83 AH during the Umayyad era, and the cities of Baghdad and Najaf Al-Ashraf were planned in the years 145 and 170 AH in the Abbasid era. Or religious at the forefront of other factors, as the establishment of Kufa was linked to the process of conquest of Iraq by the Muslim Arabs, and after the expulsion of the Sasanian military remnants from the land of Al-Sawad, the Muslim Arabs felt the need to establish a migration house on the borders of the conquered country, to serve as the camp and center for immigration at the same time (1) `..The city of Kufa and other Arab Islamic cities became the station of the Mujahideen, the settlement of the tribes, and the link between Medina (the capital of the Muslims) and the liberated and conquered areas. the enemy, and that it was a supply center for the armies fighting on the military fronts in Iraq and the eastern regions (2) and if the military factor occupied the center stage in establishing the city of Kufa, the religious factor was at the center stage in the foundation of the city of Najaf, the location of the city was determined by the shrine of the Imam The Commander of the Faithful, Ali Ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him), as people focused around his honorable shrine, and buried their dead close to it, based on honorable hadiths and narratives that favor this.