The impact of the Najaf environment on the emergence and development of its scientific and literary councils

Abstract

Najaf is one of the three cities of the civilizational triangle (Al-Hirah, Kufa, and Najaf) that are located in one geographical area, which was called (Al-Zahr), dating back to ancient times, in which palaces, monasteries, temples, and castles were built. Historians mention that the Babylonian king (Bakhtinsar 626 - 539 BC) Hera built on Najaf and fortified it, then annexed the Arab tribes there. The kings of Al-Manathira and some writers and poets of Al-Hirah, such as Uday bin Zaid Al-Abadi and others, had taken Najaf as a park for them, a residence, and a retreat. Because of its good air and the abundance of its rivers and trees, it was even called (the cheek of the Virgin), and the Syriacs lived in its outskirts, and the Jacobites established a religious center in it, so a number of Al-Hirah writers were fluent in Persian, Syriac and Greek ([i]), and the two Chinese painters (Van Shin) and (Leutze) between the years (751-762 AD) ([ii])